It Is Imperative For Guide Angela Into Talking By Angela...

It is imperative to guide Angela into talking. This involves listening to the whole story and retelling the story to Angela of what was heard by her telling the story. Time guiding the conversation to aid Angela in understanding that the grief process is also a healing process. Guiding also â€Å"include instruction and information, but it is aimed much less at acquiring than restoring – restoring the parishioner’s soul, thus becoming more of her true self again.† One of the other issue Pastor Bob needs to address is the congregation and their concerns and emotions dealing with the situation. There is evidence that they are creating triangles by talking among themselves. They seem to be justifying the death being cause by Angela’s possible drinking and lack of being present when the water swept her son into the current. â€Å"Triangles are created more frequently and cause great damage when anxiety increases in a system.† There is certainly anxiety in this case study in reference to the death of a child. The second case study addressed in this paper is Die or Dialysis found on pages 83 – 85 of the Wood and Blue book. In this case study, Pastor Bob of St. Miscellaneous church deals with a shut-in from his congregation named Olive who had only been able to attend worship service a few times during Pastor Bob’s five year assignment at that church. Olive suffered from a number of illnesses. She is a breast cancer survivor and was currently on kidney dialysis for her kidneyShow MoreRelatedSports17369 Words   |  70 Pagescan about the subject. As you will see, each chapter offers several ways to enhance the learning process. Some chapters encourage discussions of topics with family and friends and/or in the classroom, and most are meant to get you both thinking and talking about sportscasting-related issues. There also are a number of bibliographic lists, encouraging further research on various topics, along with an approach to reporting on your reading that encourages c ritical thinking. Exercise 1.4 is a â€Å"Fill in theRead MoreSports17363 Words   |  70 Pagescan about the subject. As you will see, each chapter offers several ways to enhance the learning process. Some chapters encourage discussions of topics with family and friends and/or in the classroom, and most are meant to get you both thinking and talking about sportscasting-related issues. There also are a number of bibliographic lists, encouraging further research on various topics, along with an approach to reporting on your reading that encourages critical thinking. Exercise 1.4 is a â€Å"Fill in theRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesJanuary 2005, with it still unpublished. The revision was prepared in the 1970s and 1980s and was typed camera-ready in a manuscript submitted to the same publishers in 1983. The publishers first delayed in responding and then finally admitted they had lost the copy. So only a photocopy of the original typed version exists. During the 1990s, the manuscript was partly typed without alteration into a Word processor, originally an Apple-based system. This was transferred to an IBM system quite recently, butRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesB) a company should focus exclusively on achieving high production efficiency, low costs, and mass distribution to facilitate the broadest possible access to the companys products C) marketing is the process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others D) marketing is the process of extracting the maximum value from consumers to facilitate corporate growth E) marketing is the processRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 597 CASE STUDIES ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 598 ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the

Harriet Jacobs Vs. Douglas - 1263 Words

Tamera Buckner Ashley Morgan ENG 1013 D3 25 2/21/2016 Harriet Jacobs vs Fredrick Douglas Slavery was one of the most tragic memories known for in the black race. Slavery is the process at which an African American is purchased by a Caucasian who is used for exhausting labor work such as picking cotton, or tending to house work and being restricted from freedom. All of the slaves were used and abused physically, mentally, and emotionally. In some cases abuse was the death of many of those slaves. The slaves were classified as the lowest of the low and were banned from learning, reading, and writing. Not all slaves’ lives ended at those abusive plantations. Two former slaves whose lives turned out a success was Harriet Jacobs and Fredrick Douglass. February 11, 1813 in Edenton, North Carolina Harriet Jacobs was born into slavery. Harriet Jacobs’s parents were Elijah and Delilah Jacobs mother and father of Harriet and her older brother John Jacob’s. Elijah Jacob’s was a skilled carpenter, who made enough money so that his family could all live together. Harriet Jacob’s grandmother Molly Horniblow played a major role in the Jacob’s family life. At the age six Harriet Jacob’s mother passed away Harriet was sent away to live with her mother’s owner and his mistress. â€Å"I was born a slave; but I never knew till six years of happy childhood had passed away.† Harriet felt as if she was living a good life until her mother passed away. Even though she was born a slave she did not feelShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Women s Status Of African Americans2029 Words   |  9 Pageswomen were treated significantly worse; with no rights and the subject of violence and sexual exploitat ion by their masters. This is highlighted in the recollections of female slaves notably Harriet Ann Jacobs’ â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† (1861) (source 1) an autobiographical book in which Jacobs addresses the sexual and psychological abuse female slaves faced; which raised awareness as Northern white women had little knowledge of the situations slaves faced, in particular female slavesRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesCompanies, 2005 37 60 Chapter Two Theory X and Theory Y Several studies after World War II revealed how assumptions about workers’ attitudes and behavior affect managers’ behavior. Perhaps the most inï ¬â€šuential approach was developed by Douglas McGregor. He proposed two sets of assumptions about how work attitudes and behaviors not only dominate the way managers think but also affect how they behave in organizations. McGregor named these two contrasting sets of assumptions Theory X and TheoryRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pageslu.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To our grandchildren Annika, Jacob, Katherine, Madison, Magnus, and Molly Contents Illustrations . . . . . Preface . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgments . The Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages269 United Chemical Company 269 Byron vs. Thomas 271 Active Listening Exercise 272 SKILL APPLICATION 274 Activities for Communicating Supportively Suggested Assignments 274 Application Plan and Evaluation 274 274 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA 276 Communicating Supportively 276 Scoring Key 276 Comparison Data 276 Communication Styles 276 Comparison Data 276 SKILL PRACTICE Diagnosing Problems and Fostering Understanding: United Chemical Company and Byron vs. Thomas 278 Observer’s Feedback Form

User Pays Model in Aged Care for GDP- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theUser Pays Model in Aged Care for GDP. Answer: Introduction Most Asian countries are undergoing rapid growth in the gross domestic product (G.D.P), the political atmosphere, and ways of life have also changed significantly. Recently, the countries in the eastern part of the world are experiencing improvement in life expectancy. Furthermore, the death rates have gone down; while, the fertility rates have gone up. The combination of the above factors presents countries with a more significant percentage of aging individuals. The Asian nations have meager health facilities to cater for the aging population. This essay looks at the concept of user pays system in aged care. Furthermore, the paper finds out various governments, especially the Australian administration are embracing the model to take care of the elderly. Administrations of multiple countries need to borrow a leaf from the Australian Health Sector on how to attend to the old in the community. The Model in Aged Care The Model is applied in Australia to cater for the Elderly, and other vulnerable members of the society. Three alternative modes for paying for health care exist. Firstly, persons who prefer to access medical attention through private hospitals can adopt the health assurance policy (Almgren, 2017). The individuals pay premiums regularly. Families, having elderly members pay the dividends for those that cannot afford the regular payments. The first alternative is efficient since it enables the elderly to skip long queues at the health facilities (Barrington, 2017). The Australian administration has subsidized treatment. Patients cater for a minimal fee; government incurs the remaining expenses. There is a fee that every citizen bears to enable the government to render free treatment (Chaudhary Arokiasamy, 2017). The cost is not exorbitant as most patients regardless of their age can afford the fee. Disadvantages of the Model Even after paying the dues that assist the government in subsidizing health care, the model has some flaws. Individuals, who choose public over private hospitals, find it difficult to access the right specialist for their ailments (Clough Herring, 2017). Almost 80% of the total population prefers health facilities. Long lines are the order of the day at public hospitals; hence the elderly have a difficult time in accessing treatment (Barrington, 2017). The government funding towards the health care cannot adequately cater for the bulging aging populations. Proposed solutions to the Problems The government is urging the members of the society to do the following tasks. Firstly, to desist from overly on the already crowded public sector for medical attention. Instead, citizens should apply for health assurance cards from private health facilities (Ducket Willcox, 2015). By doing so, citizens are relieving the public hospitals of the burden of overcrowding. The government is encouraging the working class to visit the private hospitals to free up space in the public hospitals for the elderly population. Furthermore, the national administration is allocating more resources to facilitate treatment at the grass root level (Yiengprusawan, 2017). The mainstream hospitals can now specially attend to the elderly and those suffering from chronic ailments. Policies Enhancing Aged Care The political class has realized that Australia has a rapidly growing population of elderly individuals. Furthermore, the people of the old, demanding for urgent medical attention has doubled in the past year (Almgren, 2017). Those that require services of a nurse in the comfort of their home have also increased (Stiglitz Rosengard, 2015). The national executive has realized that they are wasting so many resources in the health department. Moreover, the Australian government is channeling more funds to the grass root health centers (Ng, Leung Ho, 2018). The rationale behind the change in policy is to cater for the elderly. Home-Based medical attention suits them; since they cannot walk for long distances to access hospitals. In the change of policy, the government demands that relatives of an older adult should attend to them. The individual should meet the basic health demands by the elder (Henderson, Willis, Xiao Toffoli et al., 2016). Furthermore, the government is sending more nurses and other health practitioners to the grass root levels. The nurses have a duty to looks after the elderly population and provide them with any necessary medical help (McGeorge Bateman, 2017). The government has set aside a remuneration package for the relatives who look after the elderly (Barrington, 2017). The wages motivates the caretakers to look after the elderly effectively. Additionally, the Australian administration has reduced the funds that it pumps into the pharmaceutical sector (Barrington, 2017). More funds go directly into the community-based programs. The administration is encouraging the establishment of community hospitals. The government is reducing the legislation and the fees needed to establish a local health facility. The change has ensured that more community health centers are in existence (Oloughlin, Browning Kendig, 2016). Therefore, the elderly can easily access medical attention. Furthermore, the government has improved the terms of work for nurses at the local hospitals. Nurses in the urban centers are shifting allegiances to the local hospitals to enjoy the improved wages. Suggestions for Enhancement of Aged Care The various administrations in different countries need to consider the following recommendations to cater for the elderly adequately. The government should ensure that individuals have a prolonged life expectancy. The elders should be free from danger. Furthermore, people of advanced age should retain their expertise of earning a living throughout their lives. Additionally, elders should regularly do physical exercise. Whenever they feel worn out, elders should retire from rigorous activities. Elders should receive financial and social support from the community. Relatives, members of the family, and community-based self-help groups should take care of the elderly. A societal service is one that family members, friends, and the national executive offers to the older person (O'lounghlin et al., 2016). Care aids include guidance and counseling clubs, free wheelchairs for the disabled, free transportation, free food, home-based assistance, among others (Henderson et al., 2016). Local health facilities take care of sick elders who cannot afford to travel to municipality hospitals (Raval, Patel Yasobant, 2017). Members of the community need to acquire knowledge on how to look after elders. In Malaysia, the cost of treating an elderly individual is tax-free (Chaudhary Arokiasamy, 2017). Furthermore, the Malaysian government building houses for individuals of advanced ages (Clough Herring, 2017). The houses belonging to the elderly should have appropriate lights and sufficient space to suit the older. For the more former who stay close to urban areas, their dwellings should be adjacent to sources of their requirements. The means of transport should be easy to access. The elders need to move from one point to another, in search of necessities such as food. Members of the community should come up with economic activities that can suit elders. The government in collaboration with other stakeholders should construct comfortable workshops for the elders. When feeling tired, they should be free to stop working and go back home. Malaysia is advancing towards urbanization and industrialization (Ducket Willcox, 2015). The country should ask skilled elderly to train youths on useful industrial skills. The community-based health workers should encourage the old to shun health hazards. Some of the habits to avoid are alcoholism, smoking, and eating fatty foods. Finally, the nurses and other health practitioners should assume the responsibility of taking proper care of elders. They should ensure that elders have peace, and are also financially comfortable. Conclusion The Australian authorities have one of the most efficient age care systems in the world. The user pay model functions in three ways namely: payment of insurance policy in private hospitals; payment of consultation fee in private hospitals, and an additional fee to the health department to further subsidize the cost of health care. The model is expensive as the elderly cannot afford to pay insurance premiums. Furthermore, long queues at public hospitals prevent the elderly from accessing health care. The government is funding locally-based hospitals to bring health services closer to the old. Furthermore, the government has reduced the requirements for establishing a community-based health facility; hence, more facilities exist at grass root level. The Australian government has allocated more funds to community-based healthcare. The government and other health specialists should ensure that elders live a dignitary life. References Almgren, G. (2017). Health care politics, policy, and services: a social justice analysis. Springer publishing company. Barrington, R. (2017). Health, medicine, and politics in Ireland 1900-1970. Health. Chaudhary, M., Arokiasamy, P. (2017). Patterns of Frailty and Quality of Life among Older Adults: Comparative Analysis Using SAGE States of India. Journal of Population Ageing, 1-23. Clough, B., Herring, J. (2018). Introduction. In Ageing, Gender and Family Law (pp. 1-11). Routledge. Duckett, S., Willcox, S. (2015). The Australian healthcare system (No. Ed. 5). Oxford University Press. Henderson, J., Willis, E., Xiao, L., Toffoli, L., Verrall, C. (2016). Nurses' perceptions of the impact of the aged care reform on services for residents in multi?purpose services and residential aged care facilities in rural Australia. Australasian Journal on aging, 35(4). McGeorge, K., Bateman, T. M. (2017). Settling for Mediocrity: Aging and Health Care in New Brunswick. Journal of New Brunswick Studies/Revue d'tudes sure le Nouveau-Brunswick, 8. Ng, A. W., Leung, T. C., Ho, J. C. (2018). Development of Accreditation Approach of Elderly Care Service Providers: Experience from East and West. In Sustainable Health and Long-Term Care Solutions for an Aging Population (pp. 126-144). IGI Global. OLoughlin, K., Browning, C., Kendig, H. (Eds.). (2016). Aging in Australia: Challenges and opportunities (Vol. 16). Springer. Raval, G. N., Patel, K., Yasobant, S. (2017). Are elderly population Healthy?: A Mixed Method study from North Gujarat, India. Journal of Health Systems, 2(2), 15-19. Stiglitz, J. E., Rosengard, J. K. (2015). Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Yiengprugsawan, V. (2017). Live Long and Prosper: Aging in East Asia and Pacific. World Bank East Asia and Pacific Regional Report. The World Bank. World Bank Group, 2016, ISBN 978-1-4648-0469-4, 263 pages. Journal of Pension Economics Finance, 16(4), 586-587.

Parkinson’s Disease free essay sample

SubstantianigraWhat Is Parkinson’s Disease? What Causes Parkinson’s Disease? Parkinsons disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects how the person moves, including how they speak and write. Symptoms develop gradually, and may start off with ever-so-slight tremors in one hand. People with Parkinsons disease also experience stiffness and find they cannot carry out movements as rapidly as before this is called bradykinesia. The muscles of a person with Parkinsons become weaker and the individual may assume an unusual posture. Parkinsons disease belongs to a group of conditions called movement disorders. Movement disorders describe a variety of abnormal body movements that have a neurological basis, and include such conditions as cerebral palsy, ataxia, and Tourette syndrome. Approximately one million adults in the USA are thought to live with Parkinsons disease; over 60,000 are diagnosed annually. The real figure is probably much higher when taking into account those who go undetected. We will write a custom essay sample on Parkinson’s Disease or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the Parkinsons Disease Foundation, the economic toll of the disease in the USA is nearly $25 billion annually, including direct and indirect costs. The average annual medication costs for an American with Parkinsons disease is between $2,500 and $10,000. In the United Kingdom approximately 127,000 people have Parkinsons disease or 1 in every 500 people. About 10 million people around the world are estimated to be living with Parkinsons disease. A male has a 50% higher risk of developing Parkinsons disease than a female. In the majority of cases, symptoms start to appear after the age of 50. However, in about 4% to 5% of cases the sufferer is younger than 40 years. When signs and symptoms develop in an individual aged between 21 and 40 years, it is known as Young-onset Parkinsons disease. Apart from tremor and slow movements, the patient may also have a fixed, inexpressive face this is because of poorer control over facial muscle coordination and movement. Sir William Richard Gowers Parkinson Disease sketch 1886 2 People with Parkinsons generally have an unusual, stooping posture As a significant number of elderly patients with early Parkinsons disease symptoms assume that their traits may form part of normal aging and do not seek medical help, obtaining accurate statistics is probably impossible. There are also several different conditions which sometimes have comparable signs and symptoms to Parkinsons, such as drug-induced Parkinsonism, head trauma, encephalitis, stroke, Lewy body dementia, corticobasal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear pasly. Parkinsons also affects the voice a British mathematician believes he has created a cheap and easy to carry-out test using speech signal processing algorithms to accelerate the diagnosis of Parkinsons disease. Max Little, who developed the algorithm at Oxford University, says that Parkinsons not only impacts on limb movement, but also on how people speak; on their voices. (Link to article) Parkinsons also affects sense of smell despite being incurable, doctors today can influence the course of the disease if Parkinsons is detected early enough; the destruction of brain cells can be slowed down this means a better quality of life for the patient for many years. Scientists have recently discovered that hyposmia, losing ones sense of smell for no known cause, might be a marker for the non-motor signs of Parkinsons disease. The scientists said Smelling tests in doctors offices are suitable for detecting hyposmia, but so too are tests conducted in public places such as pedestrian zones.(Link to article) Some factors may raise or lower the risk of developing Parkinsons Circumin an ingredient found in the spice turmeric, is apparently effective in preventing the clumping of a protein involved in Parkinsons disease, according to scientists from Michigan State University. (Link to article) Flavonoids adult males who regularly eat foods rich in flavonoids appear to have a co nsiderably lower risk of developing Parkinsons disease, compared to others who do not, researchers in the USA and UK reported in the journal Neurology. Examples of foods include berries, apples, some vegetables, tea and red wine. In this study, the protective effects come from anthocyanins, a subclass of flavonoids. (Link to article) REM sleep disorder people with REM (rapid eye movement) sleep behavior disorder may have twice the risk of developing Parkinsons disease or mild cognitive impairment, compared to others without the disorder, researchers at the Mayo Clinic reported in Annals of Neurology. (Link to article) Neurologist and co-author, co-author Brad Boeve, M. D. , said: Understanding that certain patients are at greater risk for MCI or Parkinsons disease will allow for early intervention, which is vital in the case of such disorders that destroy brain cells. Although we are still searching for effective treatments, our best chance of success is to identify and treat these disorders early, before cell death. Some reheated cooking oils aldehydes, which have been linked to Parkinsons, Alzheimers and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as some cancers, can be found in some oils, such as sunflower oil, when heated to a certain temperature, and then used again. Scientists from the University of the Basque Country found that aldehydes remain in cooking oils after they are heated. (Link to article) Parkinsons disease is primarily caused by low and falling dopamine levels A person with Parkinsons has abnormally low dopamine levels. Dopamine-generating cells, known as dopaminergic neurons (types of nerve cells) in the substantia nigra part of the brain have died. Experts do not know why these cells die. When dopamine levels are too low, people find it harder to get things done, to control their movements. Dopamine levels progressively drop in patients with the disease, so their symptoms gradually become more severe. Dopamine is involved in the sending of messages to the part of the brain that controls coordination and movement. MidbraincrosssectionThe substantia nigra is in the midbrain and plays an important role in movement, reward and addiction Although Parkinsons disease is not a direct cause of death, it is a progressive disease, and symptoms get worse over time. Parkinsons is: A chronic disease a long-term disease. It is incurable. A progressive disease a disease that gradually gets worse. What is Parkinsonism? Parkinsonism is a neurological syndrome characterized by tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and hypokinesia (decreased bodily movement). A syndrome is the association of several clinically recognizable features, signs, symptoms, phenomena or characteristics that often occur together. Parkinsons disease is the most common cause of Parkinsonism. Put simply Parkinsonism includes the signs and symptoms that resemble Parkinsons disease. According to Medilexicons medical dictionary, Parkinsonism is: 1. A neurologic syndrome usually resulting from deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine as the consequence of degenerative, vascular, or inflammatory changes in the basal ganglia; characterized by rhythmic muscular tremors, rigidity of movement, festination, droopy posture, and masklike facies. 2. A syndrome similar to parkinsonism. Some features seen with Parkinsons disease that occur with other disorders (progressive supranuclear palsy) or as a side effect of certain medications (antipsychotic drugs). Parkinsons disease mentioned in history Descriptions of people with Parkinsonism date back to ancient Egypt. It is also mentioned in the Christian Bible and Claudius Galenus (Galens) writings. Claudius Galenus (or Aelius Galenus), who lived from 129 AD to around 200 AD, was a well-known Roman (of Greek origin) doctor and philosopher. Then there seem to be no clear references to PD (Parkinsons Disease) until the 17th century. Auguste Francois Chomel, a French pathologist, John Hunter, a Scottish surgeon, Hieronymus David Gaubius, a German physician and chemist, and Franciscus Sylvius, a Dutch chemist, physiologist and anatomist, all described Parkinsons-type signs and symptoms during the 17th and 18th centuries. James Parkinson James ParkinsonJames Parkinson (1755-1824) an English apothecary surgeon, political activist, paleontologist and geologist, wrote An Essay on the Shaking Palsy in 1817. In that work he is thought to be the first to describe paralysis agitans (shaking palsy), a condition which Jean-Martin Charcot renamed Parkinsons disease sixty years later. James Parkinson systematically described six people with signs and symptoms of the disease we know today as Parkinsons. They were not formally examined, but he observed them as they went on on their daily walks, and sometimes asked them to describe their symptoms to him. In his Essay Parkinson described the characteristic resting tremor, diminished muscle strength, paralysis, unusual posture and gait, and how the disease progresses over time. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology, also known as the founder of modern neurology. His studies between 1868 and 1881 are described today by medical historians as a landmark in the understanding of Parkinsons disease. He also clearly defined and explained the difference between rigidity, weakness and bradykinesia (a slowness in the execution of movement). Charcot is also famous for naming and being the first to describe multiple sclerosis. Drawing by Charcot of a Parkinsons disease patientDrawing of a patient with Parkinsons by Charcot Frederic Lewy (1885-1950) a prominent American neurologist is best known for the discovery of Lewy bodies, characteristic indicators of Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinsons disease. Konstantin Nikolaevitch Tretiakoff (1892-1958) a Russian neuropathologist. While writing his thesis for his doctorate at LAssistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, France, he described the degeneration of the substantia nigra in cases of Parkinsons he was the first to link this anatomic structure with Parkinsons disease. Tretiakoffs findings were not accepted by many in the medical community, until they were confirmed in further studies carried out by Rolf Hassler, in 1938. Rolf Hassler (1914-1984) a distinguished German pathologist. Hassler made important discoveries in the treatment of Parkinsons disease. In a 1938 published paper, he wrote that autopsies of Parkinsons patients showed that the most affected part of the brain was the substantia nigra pars pallidus, which lost many neurons and had an abundant accumulation of Lewy bodies. He became a pioneer in surgery for tremor. Arvid Carlsson (1923) a Swedish scientist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 2000 for his work on dopamine, Carlsson is best known for his work with dopamine and its effects in Parkinsons disease. He demonstrated that dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain and not just a precursor for norepinephrine. Carlsson and his research team at Astra AB (today AstraZeneca) managed to derive the first marketed SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) zimelidine from brompheniramine. He noticed that dopamine levels in the basal ganglia are particularly high this part of the brain is important for movement. He then demonstrated that when animals were given reserpine, a drug, dopamine levels dropped and the animals lost movement control he explained that in Parkinsons disease, dopamine levels also fall, causing loss of movement. Carlsson then showed that when L-Dopa was administered to the animals, their symptoms were alleviated. L-Dopa is a precursor of dopamine. This breakthrough led doctors to try L-Dopa on their Parkinsons patients with early symptoms. L-Dopa is still the basis for most drugs prescribed for Parkinsons disease symptoms. Kazimierz Funk (anglicized as Casimir Funk 1884 1967) a Polish biochemist. Until the arrival of levodopa, anticholinergics and surgery were the only available treatments for patients with Parkinsons.

See The Attached Instructions Example

See The Attached Instructions Example See The Attached Instructions – Coursework Example Measures to Minimize Environmental Causes of Asthma Measures to Minimize Environmental Causes of Asthma One measure that the globalcommunity can take to minimize environmental causes of asthma is house is free of fumes. In May 2012, the President’s Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children published an organized federal program to protect children from environmental causes of asthma. Two key measures from this program can be adopted to minimize the amount of causes of asthma in the global community. Burning wood, gas, and lighting kerosene stoves releases fumes within the house. Such burning equipment generates nitrogen dioxide, an odorless gas that irritates the nose, eyes, and throat. In effect, nitrogen dioxide causes asthma attacks (President’s Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks, 2012). First, households residing in developing countries across the world and using these burning appliances and begin by ensuring that t heir stoves are ventilated appropriately to the outside. Users of gas stoves can utilize exhaust fans for ventilation while preparing food. Users of wood stoves can make sure their doors are secure to prevent any leaking fumes. Users of unventilated kerosene or gas space radiators can open windows or also utilize exhaust fans. The chimney corner should always be open before lighting it to enable fumes to dissipate through the chimney. Users of radiators should have their manufacturers clean and inspect it annually to find any likely linkages. Car owners should also avoid leaving their idle vehicles within closed garages to lower the risk of exhaust fumes entering their houses (President’s Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks, 2012). Second, people can stand at least half a day inside the houses where there is an air-cooling system with an efficient purification system. Spending over 12 hours within such conditions should significantly lower indoor exposur e to environmental causes of asthma attacks such as pollen grains, outdoor molds, pet fur, horsehair, and dust. For this measure to be optimally efficient, the house or building should be reasonably and properly airtight. In addition, the house should have a constant central air dispensation system that sifts air constantly and not only when the radiator or cooler is on (Minnesota Department of Health, 2007). The above program recommends mandatory air household heater or air conditioners with constant fan operations as optional. For developing countries, there are affordable and efficient air filters without mandatory household radiators or coolers.ReferencesMinnesota Department of Health. (2007). Reducing Environmental Triggers of Asthma in Homes of Minnesota Children. United States Environmental Protection Agency, pp. 23.President’s Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks. (2012). Asthma and the Environment: A Strategy to Protect Children. Presidentâ€⠄¢s Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks, pp. 20.

Shitty First Drafts Example

Shitty First Drafts Example Shitty First Drafts – Essay Example Shitty First Drafts I believe Lamott chose the â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† for her chapter as a short of what first drafts generally look like. Essentially, it is her way of encouraging writers and potential writers not to worry so much about what they write in their first drafts. Instead, they should focus on writing everything and anything that comes to their mind for the first draft knowing that the shit can be removed and a more refined piece produced. Her essay is quite effective as it gives confidence to even novices not to give up trying to write a first draft. I relate well with everything that Lamott states....its never easy writing even a rough draft. It takes courage to write the shitty first draft which I always hope no one sees. Lamott describes a lot of things sincerely and incorporates humor in her essay which encourages her audience to read on. Lamott, Ueland’s and Stafford take note of the importance of the shitty first draft out of which brilliant ideas come. While all the authors have important points, I find Lamott’s ideas most appealing given that she articulates my situation when faced with a writing task and provides a sincere straight forward way of dealing with the problem...writing a shitty first draft. Response to the Student’s Post I find the student’s post quite agreeable given that I also find Lamott’s ideas to be brilliant, sincere and filled with humor. The student is quite frank when he/she states that she struggles with her writing. This is beyond question especially now that even an experienced writer of the calibre of Lamott admits to finding it difficult starting to write. In as much as the student believes that experienced, best selling writers do not find it rough coming up with a rough draft, I believe this is not true. Many people I have talked to tend to say they often take a lot of time thinking about what to write for their first page, paragraph and even sentence. ReferencesLam ott, A. (2010). â€Å"Shitty First Drafts†. In M. Krasny and M.E. Sokolik (EDs.) Sound Ideas (p.24-27). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Module 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Module 5 - Essay Example Those who finally do attain a post are called the mandarins. Literati scholars were schooled in a particular form of Confucianism known as the School of Literati. There are four arts of the Chinese scholar: qin, qi, shu (calligraphy), and hua (painting). Qin, or more precisely guqin, is the literati’s musical instrument meaning old (gu) musical instrument (qin). It is a seven stringed zither that is plucked to produce sound. Invented some 3,000 years ago, the qugin maintains its relevance into the space age; when the unmanned spacecraft Voyager was launched in 1977, it contained a recording of a guqin piece. The second art, qi, is a chess-like board game now called weiqi (‘surrounding game’) in Chinese, and go in Japan and in the Western countries. Various speculations exist regarding the origins of the game; one is that it is a fortune-telling tool employed by ancient Chinese astronomers who discern the influence exerted by the universe on an individual. In this game, black and white stones are placed on a 19 by 19 line grid. The stones are placed on the intersections of the lines; when a stone is surrounded on all four sides by an opposing color, then the stone is captured and removed from play; the game ends when there are no more possible moves. The third art is shu (Chinese calligraphy). This is the source of all calligraphic tradition in East Asia, including Japan, Korea and Vietnam. These are distinctive because they emphasize motion and â€Å"sheer life experience,† with â€Å"time and rhythm in shifting space† (Stanley-Baker, 2010). The fourth art of the literati is hua (Chinese painting). Literati paintings were prized above all academic paintings by educated people because of the painting’s goal of revealingthe inner character of the painter and how he depicts sensitivity towards the conditions of human life (Indiana University, 2012). The video chosen is centered on the design and